What is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)?
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and glands that help fight infection. It’s a diverse group of cancers that affects B cells or T cells, types of white blood cells.
Types of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
There are many different types of NHL, each with its own characteristics and treatment approaches. Some common types include:
• Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): The most common type of NHL, characterized by rapid growth.
• Follicular lymphoma: A slow-growing cancer that often involves the lymph nodes.
• Mantle cell lymphoma: A rare type of lymphoma that often affects older adults.
• Marginal zone lymphoma: A slow-growing lymphoma that often involves the lymph nodes, spleen, and stomach.
• Burkitt lymphoma: A rapidly growing and aggressive type of lymphoma.
Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
Symptoms of NHL can vary depending on the type and location of the cancer. Common symptoms include:
• Swollen lymph nodes, often in the neck, armpits, or groin
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent cough
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Abdominal pain
Causes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
The exact causes of NHL are not fully understood. However, certain factors can increase the risk, such as:
• Weakened immune system: Conditions like HIV/AIDS can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of lymphoma.
• Exposure to certain viruses: Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) can increase the risk.
• Family history: A family history of lymphoma can increase the risk.
• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can increase the risk.
Who Can Suffer from Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)?
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can affect people of all ages, but it’s more common in older adults.
Diagnostic Tests for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
To diagnose NHL, a doctor may use a combination of tests, including:
• Physical exam: To check for swollen lymph nodes and other abnormalities.
• Blood tests: To check for abnormalities in the blood cells.
• Biopsy: A tissue sample is removed from a swollen lymph node or other affected tissue and examined under a microscope.
• Imaging tests: CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans can help determine the extent of the cancer.
Stages of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
The staging of NHL helps determine the extent of the disease and guides treatment decisions. The Ann Arbor staging system is commonly used to stage NHL.
Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
The treatment for NHL depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Common treatment options include:
• Chemotherapy: To kill cancer cells throughout the body.
• Radiation therapy: To kill cancer cells in specific areas.
• Immunotherapy: To boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.
• Targeted therapy: To target specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth.
• Stem cell transplantation: To replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
While a healthy diet can’t directly prevent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), it can contribute to overall health and strengthen the immune system. Here are some dietary recommendations:
A balanced diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can provide essential nutrients and antioxidants.
Limit processed foods and red meat: These can increase the risk of certain cancers.
Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is linked to an increased risk of various cancers, including NHL.
Consider a Mediterranean-style diet: This diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, has been linked to reduced cancer risk.
Overall Survival Rate of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
The overall survival rate for NHL varies depending on the specific type, stage, and treatment received. However, advancements in treatment have significantly improved the prognosis for many patients.
Doctor to Consult
A hematologist-oncologist is the best doctor to consult for NHL.
Diseases Associated with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
While NHL itself is a type of cancer, it can be associated with other health conditions, such as:
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Autoimmune disorders
How to Prevent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent NHL, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of certain factors that may contribute to the disease:
• Limit exposure to radiation and certain chemicals: Exposure to these substances can increase the risk of certain types of cancer.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is linked to an increased risk of certain cancers.
• Regular check-ups: Regular check-ups can help detect any abnormalities early on.
• Healthy lifestyle: A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can help boost the immune system.
