Intestinal cancer is a general term used to describe cancers that affect the intestines, including the small intestine and large intestine (colon and rectum).
Types of Intestinal Cancer
The most common types of intestinal cancer include:
• Colon cancer: Cancer that begins in the large intestine.
• Rectal cancer: Cancer that begins in the rectum, the lower part of the large intestine.
• Small intestine cancer: Cancer that begins in the small intestine, which includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Symptoms of Intestinal Cancer
The symptoms of intestinal cancer can vary depending on the location and stage of the cancer. However, some common symptoms include:
• Changes in bowel habits: Such as diarrhea, constipation, or a change in the consistency or color of stool
• Rectal bleeding
• Abdominal pain or cramps
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
Causes of Intestinal Cancer
The exact causes of intestinal cancer are not fully understood, but several factors can increase the risk, including:
• Age: The risk increases with age, particularly after age 50.
• Family history: A family history of colorectal cancer can increase the risk.
• Diet: A diet high in red and processed meat can increase the risk.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk.
• Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
• Inactivity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
Who Can Suffer from Intestinal Cancer?
Anyone can develop intestinal cancer, but it is more common in older adults.
Diagnostic Tests for Intestinal Cancer
To diagnose intestinal cancer, a doctor may use a combination of tests, including:
• Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): A test to check for blood in the stool.
• Colonoscopy: A procedure to examine the entire colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a light and camera.
• Sigmoidoscopy: A similar procedure to colonoscopy, but it examines only the lower part of the colon and rectum.
• Biopsy: A small tissue sample is removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Stages of Intestinal Cancer
The staging of intestinal cancer helps determine the extent of the disease and guides treatment decisions. The most common staging system is the TNM system, which considers the size of the tumor (T), the spread to nearby lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastases (M).
Treatment of Intestinal Cancer
The treatment for intestinal cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common treatment options include:
• Surgery: To remove the cancerous tumor and surrounding tissue.
• Chemotherapy: To kill cancer cells throughout the body.
• Radiation therapy: To kill cancer cells with high-energy rays.
• Targeted therapy: To target specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth.
Please note: Early detection and timely treatment are crucial for a better prognosis. If you experience any symptoms of intestinal cancer, consult a healthcare professional immediately.
Diet to Prevent Intestinal Cancer
A healthy diet can significantly reduce the risk of intestinal cancer, particularly colon cancer. Here are some dietary recommendations:
• High-fiber diet: A diet rich in fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help prevent constipation and reduce the risk of colon cancer.
• Limit red and processed meat: Consuming too much red and processed meat can increase the risk of colon cancer.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.
• Limit alcohol intake: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of colon cancer.
Overall Survival Rate of Intestinal Cancer
The overall survival rate for intestinal cancer varies depending on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Early detection and timely treatment significantly improve the prognosis.
Doctor to Consult
A gastroenterologist or a colorectal surgeon is the best doctor to consult for intestinal cancer.
Diseases Associated with Intestinal Cancer
Intestinal cancer is often associated with other gastrointestinal conditions, including:
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease can increase the risk of colon cancer.
• Polyps: Polyps are abnormal growths in the colon or rectum that can sometimes become cancerous.
How to Prevent Intestinal Cancer
In addition to a healthy diet, the following strategies can help prevent intestinal cancer:
• Regular screening: Regular colonoscopies can help detect and remove precancerous polyps.
• Physical activity: Regular exercise can reduce the risk of colon cancer.
• Avoid smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of colon cancer.
